Telesalud mental en una unidad pública de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil en pandemia: estudio cualitativo de implementación / Mental telehealth in a public child and adolescent psychiatry unit during the pandemic: a qualitative implementation study

Antecedentes La pandemia por COVID-19 generó una implementación súbita de las atenciones a distancia, especialmente en atenciones de salud mental. La evidencia que sustenta esta modalidad de atención es aún emergente, con escasos estudios cualitativos que representen su implementación en países latinoamericanos. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la perspectiva de terapeutas y de usuarios, respecto del uso de la telesalud en una unidad de salud mental infantil y de la adolescencia de un servicio público chileno. Métodos Estudio cualitativo. Se establecieron dos grupos focales con 14 profesionales en total, y 16 entrevistas en profundidad con usuarios de una unidad ambulatoria de psiquiatría infanto juvenil.. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el modelo de teoría fundamentada Resultados En el grupo de terapeutas surgen cuatro categorías fundamentales; antecedentes de la telesalud mental, implementación, telesalud mental desde la posición del terapeuta y proyecciones. En el grupo de usuarios surgieron tres categorías principales: implementación, evaluación de los usuarios de la telesalud mental y proyecciones. Conclusiones Existen elementos en común entre la opinión de los usuarios y terapeutas. Un elemento importante dentro del grupo de los usuarios es que, a pesar de aceptar la atención remota y reconocer aspectos positivos en esta, fuera del contexto de pandemia prefieren atenciones presenciales o mixtas.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to a prompt implementation of remote care, especially in mental health care. The evidence supporting this modality of care is still emerging, with few qualitative studies describing its implementation in Latin American countries. This study aims to understand the perspectives of therapists and patients regarding the use of telehealth in a child and adolescent mental health unit of a Chilean public service. Methods This is a qualitative study. Two focus groups were defined with 14 professionals, and 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with users of an outpatient child and adolescent psychiatry unit. The data were analyzed using the grounded theory model. Results In the group of therapists, four main categories emerged: background of mental telehealth, implementation, mental telehealth from the therapist's position, and projections. Three main categories emerged in the patient's group: implementation, evaluation of mental telehealth users, and projections. Conclusions There are elements in common between the opinions of patients and therapists. Something to note within the patient's group is that, despite accepting remote care and recognizing its positive aspects, aside from the pandemic context, they prefer face-to-face or mixed care.

Video-retroalimentación Focalizado en los Recursos para mejorar la sensibilidad en díadas madre-infante con síntomas depresivos: protocolo de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado piloto / Strength-based Video-feedback to improve maternal sensitivity in mother-infant dyads with maternal depressive symptoms: Study protocol for a randomized controlled feasibility trial

Introduction Maternal sensitivity and mentalization are fundamental for children's mental health development. These skills have been negatively associated with maternal postpartum depressive symptomatology. Moreover, its prevalence increases in low socioeconomic and psychosocial risk contexts, where the access to treatment is scarce. Even though Attachment Based Interventios, such as Video-Feedback has been internationally recognized as an effective intervention. Its cost, as well as the need for language translation and cultural adaptation makes it difficult to implement in Latinamerican countries. Aim The present study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an online Video-Feedback intervention informed n mentalization aimed at mother-infant dyads with depressive symptomatology who attend Chilean public health centers. Method This is a pilot randomized clinical trial with two groups of 60 mother-infant dyads between 4 and 12 months of age. Participants will be randomly assigned to control and experimental groups in a 1:1 ratio. Even though both groups will receive usual treatment, the experimental group will also receive the present video-intervention. At the end of the study, feasibility will be assessed based on focus groups aimed at interveners and quantitative outcomes such as recruitment rate, questionnaire completion rate and intervention completeness. Acceptability will be assessed from in-depth interviews with participants. In addition, effect sizes of primary and secondary outcomes will be calculated. Expected results Results are expected to generate parameters to design a larger-scale clinical trial and to preliminary assess the effect of the reported mentalization-informed intervention on maternal sensitivity. Additionally, it seeks to contribute with a mental health intervention for low-income mother-infant dyads, which can be implemented remotely, at a low cost, and that would be suitable for implementation at a mental health care system policy. The protocol of this trial's design was registered at Clinical Trials (NCT04748731).

Introducción La sensibilidad y la mentalización materna constituyen competencias fundamentales para el desarrollo de la salud mental infantil. A su vez, dichas habilidades han sido negativamente asociadas con la presencia de sintomatología depresiva postparto, la cual aumenta su prevalencia en contextos de bajo nivel socioeconómico y riesgo psicosocial, en donde el acceso a tratamiento escasea. Paralelamente, si bien internacionalmente el video-retroalimentación constituye una herramienta efectiva en intervenciones basadas en el apego, el costo, idioma y necesidad de adaptación cultural dificultan su implementación en países latinoamericanos. Objetivo Evaluar la factibilidad y aceptabilidad de una video-intervención informada por la mentalización, dirigida a díadas madre-bebé con sintomatología depresiva, atendidas en centros públicos de atención en salud mental en Chile. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorio piloto con dos grupos de 60 díadas madre-bebé de entre 4 y 12 meses de edad, quienes serán asignados aleatoriamente a grupos control y experimental en una proporción de 1:1. Si bien ambos grupos recibirán el tratamiento habitual, el grupo experimental recibirá también la video-intervención. Al término del estudio se evaluará la factibilidad a partir de grupos focales dirigidos a interventores e indicadores de resultados cuantitativos tales como tasa de reclutamiento, de completación de cuestionarios y finalización de la intervención. La aceptabilidad se evaluará a partir de entrevistas en profundidad a las participantes. Adicionalmente se calculará tamaño del efecto de indicadores de resultados primarios y secundarios. Resultados esperados Se espera que los resultados del estudio generen parámetros para diseñar un ensayo clínico de mayor escala y evaluar preliminarmente el efecto de la intervención informada en la mentalización en la sensibilidad materna. Se busca además contribuir con una intervención en salud mental basada en la teoría del apego dirigida a díadas madre-bebé de bajos ingresos, que pueda ser implementada de manera remota, a bajo costo y apta para ser escalada a los sistemas de atención en salud mental.

Perfeccionismo, estrés académico y ansiedad social en mujeres estudiantes de medicina y riesgo de padecer un trastorno alimentario: un modelo multivariado / Perfectionism, academic stress and social anxiety in female medical students and the risk for eating disorders

BACKGROUND: Both perfectionism and social anxiety have been described in patients with eating disorders (ED) and medical students. Academic stress also can increase the risk of developing ED. AIM: To analyze the dimensions of perfectionism, social anxiety, and academic stress associated with the risk of developing ED in female medical students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the SISCO academic stress inventory and the Eating Attitudes Test-26, were applied to 163 female medical students from all levels of the career. The groups with and without risk of ED were compared according to these variables. Results: Twenty-four percent of respondents were at risk of ED. There were significant differences between scores of perfectionism, social anxiety, and academic stress between respondents with and without risk for ED. In general, there was a significant correlation among the variables. In a multivariate analysis, the predictors of ED risk were the perception of academic stress (Odds ratio (OR) 1.09; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.03-1.16) and personal standards in the context of perfectionism (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.06-1.27). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of female medical students were at risk for ED. The risk of ED was determined mainly by academic stress and personal standards in the context of perfectionism. In this sample, social anxiety did not play a relevant role.

Estudio transversal de las características y factores asociados a la evolución clínica de pacientes hospitalizados en una unidad de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil pública en Chile / A cross-sectional study on the characteristics and factors associated with the clinical course of child and adolescent patients hospitalized in a public child and adolescent psychiatric unit of Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Unidad de Corta Estadía Infanto-juvenil del Hospital Psiquiátrico del Salvador (Valparaíso, Chile) y sus pacientes poseen características clínicas y sociales diferentes a las reportadas por la escasa literatura nacional al respecto. OBJETIVOS: Describir el funcionamiento la unidad, las características sociofamiliares y clínicas de sus pacientes y analizar los factores asociados a su evolución clínica. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal que describió el universo de pacientes hospitalizados durante tres años. Las variables se recogieron desde una base de datos anonimizada. Se evaluó la evolución clínica dentro del año posterior al egreso hospitalario. RESULTADOS: El modelo de atención de la unidad presenta los componentes biomédico, psicodinámico y ecológico. Se analizaron 98 pacientes, 70,4% hombres, con edad promedio de 11,5 ± 2,3 años. Un 82,6% perteneció al nivel socioeconómico bajo y 35,7% estaba desescolarizado; 98,9% presentó disfunción familiar y 91,8% de los padres portaba alguna psicopatología. Los motivos de ingreso más frecuente fueron riesgo de hetero y autoagresión. Los diagnósticos de egreso más frecuente fueron trastornos de conducta, depresivos y del desarrollo de la personalidad. El tiempo de estadía promedio fue de 41,8 ± 31,1 días. Los fármacos más utilizados fueron antipsicóticos y estabilizadores del ánimo. Un 47% tuvo una buena evolución clínica, 27% regular y 26% insatisfactoria. El único factor que se asoció a esta última fue haber tenido prescrito un antidepresivo durante la hospitalización. El factor que consistentemente se vinculó al reingreso a lo largo de un año, fue el haber presentado trastorno por consumo de sustancias. El abandono a tratamiento se relacionó con haber presentado un trastorno de conducta al egreso hospitalario y a tener padres con antecedente de suicidio o suicidio consumado. CONCLUSIONES: El perfil de pacientes de esta unidad corresponde a pacientes de nivel socioeconómico bajo, psicopatología severa, conducta desadaptativa, disfunción familiar y frecuente psicopatología parental. El trastorno por consumo de sustancias es un factor significativamente asociado al reingreso hospitalario.

INTRODUCTION: Patients of the Short-stay Child and Adolescent Unit of the Del Salvador Psychiatric Hospital (Valparaíso, Chile) exhibit different clinical and social characteristics compared to literature reports of other national centers, although published data are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To describe the operation of the Unit, the socio-familial and clinical characteristics of its patients and analyze factors associated with their clinical evolution. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study to describe the patients hospitalized over a three-year period. Variables were registered in an anonymized database. Clinical evolution was evaluated over the year following hospital discharge. RESULTS: The Unit's model of care can be described as involving biomedical, psychodynamic, and ecological components. We included 98 patients, of which 70.4% were male, and the average age was 11.5 ± 2.3 years. 82.6% were of low socioeconomic status, and 35.7% did not attend school; 98.9% presented family dysfunction, and 91.8% of parents had a history of psychopathology. The most frequent reason for admission was the risk of harm to self or others. The most frequent discharge diagnoses were behavioral, depressive, and personality development disorders. The average length of stay was 41.8 ± 31.1 days. The most commonly used pharmacological agents were antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Regarding clinical evolution in the first year post-discharge, 47% were evaluated as positive, 27% regular, and 26% unsatisfactory. The factor associated with an unsatisfactory clinical course was having had in-patient antidepressants. Re-admission during the first year post-discharge was associated with comorbid substance use disorder. Treatment noncompliance was associated with a history of behavioral disorder at hospital discharge and having parents with a history of suicide or consummated suicide. CONCLUSIONS: The patient profile is one of low socioeconomic status, severe psychopathology, maladaptive behavior, family dysfunction, and parental psychopathology. Substance use disorder is also associated with readmission.

Suicidio en poblaciones lesbiana, gay, bisexual y trans: revisión sistemática de una década de investigación (2004-2014) / Suicide in lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans populations: systematic review of a decade of research (2004-2014)

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) populations have a high prevalence of suicide behaviors. Aim: To review the literature on suicide among LGBT populations. Material and Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature published between 2004 and 2014 on suicidality among LGBT people was conducted. Forty-five articles were selected for a thematic analysis. Results: The research on suicide among LGBT people has increased during the last decade. The vast majority of studies have been conducted in the U.S. and other English speaking countries. At the same time, in a great part, these studies have been published in journals specializing in mental health and public health of sexual minorities. In general, they provide a significant foundation on protective and risk factors for suicide as well as their epidemiology. Conclusions: The focus of research on suicide among LGBT populations is mainly exploratory. More attention on these at-risk groups is required from the suicide research community in order to provide useful evidence for prevention and development of focalized and effective interventions.